# Smbldap-tools User Manual
(Release: 0.8.7 )

### Jérôme Tournier

### Revision: 1.6 , generated May 25, 2005

This document is the property of IDEALX1. Permission is granted to distribute this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (`http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html`).

## Table of Contents

## 1 Introduction

Smbldap-tools is a set of scripts designed to help integrate Samba and a LDAP directory. They target both users and administrators of Linux systems.
Users can change their password in a way similar to the standard ``passwd'' command.
Administrators can perform user and group management command line actions and synchronise Samba account management consistently.
This document presents:

- a detailled view of the smbldap-tools scripts
- a step by step explanation of how to set up a Samba3 domain controller

### 1.1 Software requirements

The smbldap-tools have been developped and tested with the following configuration :

- Linux RedHat 9 (be should work on any Linux distribution)
- Samba release 3.0.2pre1,
- OpenLDAP release 2.1.22
- Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 and Windows XP Workstations and Servers,

This guide applies to smbldap-tools Release: 0.8.7 .

### 1.2 Updates of this document

The most up to date release of this document may be found on the smbldap-tools project page available at `http://samba.IDEALX.org/`.
If you find any bugs in this document, or if you want this document to integrate some additional infos, please drop us a mail with your bug report and/or change request at samba@IDEALX.org.

### 1.3 Availability of this document

This document is the property of IDEALX (`http://www.IDEALX.com/`).
Permission is granted to distribute this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (See `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html`).

## 2 Installation

### 2.1 Requirements

The main requirement for using smbldap-tools are the two perl module: Net::LDAP and Crypt::SmbHash. In most cases, you'll also need the IO-Socket-SSL Perl module to use TLS functionnality.
If you want samba to call the scripts so that you can use the User Manager (or any other) under MS-Windows (to add, delete modify users and groups), Samba must be installed on the same computer. Finally, OpenLDAP can be installed on any computer. Please check that it can be contacted by a standard LDAP client software.
Samba and OpenLDAP installations will not be discussed here. You can consult the howto also available on the project page (`http://samba.IDEALX.org`). Altought is has been written for Samba2, most of its content still apply to Samba3. The main difference stands in LDAP schema's definitions.

### 2.2 Installation

An archive of the smbldap-tools scripts can be downloaded on our project page `http://samba.IDEALX.org/`. Archive and RedHat packages are available.
If you are upgrading, look at the `INSTALL` file or read the link 6.13.

#### 2.2.1 Installing from rpm

To install the scripts on a RedHat system, download the RPM package and run the following command:

    rpm -Uvh smbldap-tools-0.8.5-1.i386.rpm

#### 2.2.2 Installing from a tarball

On non RedHat system, download a source archive of the scripts. The current archive is `smbldap-tools-0.8.5.tar.gz`. Uncompress it and copy all of the Perl scripts in `/usr/local/sbin` directory, and the two configuration files in `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/` directory:

    mkdir /etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/
    cp *.conf /etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/
    cp smbldap-* /usr/local/sbin/

The configuration is now based on two differents files:

- `smbldap.conf`: define global parameter
- `smbldap_bind.conf`: define an administrative account to bind to the directory

The second file must be readable only for 'root', as it contains credentials allowing modifications on all the directory. Make sure the files are protected by running the following commands:

    chmod 644 /etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf
    chmod 600 /etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf

## 3 Configuring the smbldap-tools

As mentioned in the previous section, you'll have to update two configuration files. The first (`smbldap.conf`) allows you to set global parameter that are readable by everybody, and the second (`smbldap_bind.conf`) defines two administrative accounts to bind to a slave and a master ldap server: this file must thus be readable only by root.
A script is named `configure.pl` can help you to set their contents up. It is located in the tarball downloaded or in the documentation directory if you got the RPM archive (see `/usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools/`). Just invoke it:

    /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools/configure.pl

It will ask for the default values defined in your `smb.conf` file, and will update the two configuration files used by the scripts. Note that you can stop the script at any moment with the `Crtl-c` keys.
Before using this script :

- the two configuration files must be present in the `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/` directory
- check that samba is configured and running, as the script will try to get your workgroup's domain secure id (SID).

In those files are parameters are defined like this:

    key="value"

Full example configuration files can be found at 8.1.

### 3.1 The smbldap.conf file

This file is used to define parameters that can be readable by everybody. A full example file is available in section 8.1.1.
Let's have a look at all available parameters.

- `UID_START` and `GID_START` : those parameters are deprecated. Available uid and gid are now defined in the default new entry `cn=NextFreeUnixId,dc=idealx,dc=org`.
- `SID` : Secure Identifier Domain
  - Example: `SID="S-1-5-21-3703471949-3718591838-2324585696"`
  - Remark: you can get the SID for your domain using the `net getlocalsid` command. Samba must be up and running for this to work (it can take several minutes for a Samba server to correctly negotiate its status with other network servers).
- `slaveLDAP` : slave LDAP server
  - Example: `slaveLDAP="127.0.0.1"`
  - Remark: must be a resolvable DNS name or it's IP address
- `slavePort` : port to contact the slave server
  - Example: `slavePort="389"`
- `masterLDAP` : master LDAP server
  - Example: `masterLDAP="127.0.0.1"`
- `masterPort` : port to contact the master server
  - Example: `masterPort="389"`
- `ldapTLS` : should we use TLS connection to contact the ldap servers ?
  - Example: `ldapTLS="1"`
  - Remark: the LDAP severs must be configured to accept TLS connections. See section the Samba-LDAP Howto for more details (`http://samba.idealx.org/smbldap-howto.fr.html`). If you are using TLS support, select port 389 to connect to the master and slave directories.
- `verify` : How to verify the server's certificate (none, optional or require). See "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
  - Example: `verify="require"`
- `cafile` : the PEM-format file containing certificates for the CA that slapd will trust
  - Example: `cafile="/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/ca.pem"`
- `clientcert` : the file that contains the client certificate
  - Example: `clientcert="/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap-tools.iallanis.com.pem"`
- `clientkey` : the file that contains the private key that matches the certificate stored in the clientcert file
  - Example: `clientkey="/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap-tools.iallanis.com.key"`
- `suffix` : The distinguished name of the search base
  - Example: `suffix="dc=idealx,dc=com"`
- `usersdn` : branch in which users account can be found or must be added
  - Example: `usersdn="ou=Users,${suffix}"`
  - Remark: this branch is not relative to the suffix value
- `computersdn` : branch in which computers account can be found or must be added
  - Example: `computersdn"ou=Computers,${suffix}"`
  - Remark: this branch is not relative to the suffix value
- `groupsdn` : branch in which groups account can be found or must be added
  - Example: `groupsdn="ou=Groups,${suffix}"`
  - Remarks: this branch is not relative to the suffix value
- `idmapdn` : where are stored Idmap entries (used if samba is a domain member server)
  - Example: `idmapdn="ou=Idmap,${suffix}"`
  - Remarks: this branch is not relative to the suffix value
- `sambaUnixIdPooldn` : object in which next uidNumber and gidNumber available are stored
  - Example: `sambaUnixIdPooldn="cn=NextFreeUnixId,${suffix}"`
  - Remarks: this branch is not relative to the suffix value
- `scope` : the search scope.
  - Example: `scope="sub"`
- `hash_encrypt` : hash to be used when generating a user password.
  - Example: `hash_encrypt="SSHA"`
  - Remark: This is used for the unix password stored in userPassword attribute.
- `crypt_salt_format="%s"` : if hash_encrypt is set to CRYPT, you may set a salt format. Default is "%s", but many systems will generate MD5 hashed passwords if you use "$1$%.8s". This parameter is optional.
- `userLoginShell` : default shell given to users.
  - Example: `userLoginShell="/bin/bash"`
  - Remark: This is stored in loginShell attribute.
- `userHome` : default directory where users's home directory are located.
  - Example: `userHome="/home/%U"`
  - Remark: This is stored in `homeDirectory` attribute.
- `userGecos` : gecos used for users
  - Example: `userGecos="System User"`
- `defaultUserGid` : default primary group set to users accounts
  - Example: `defaultUserGid="513"`
  - Remark: this is stored in gidNumber attribute.
- `defaultComputerGid` : default primary group set to computers accounts
  - Example: `defaultComputerGid="550"`
  - Remark: this is stored in gidNumber attribute.
- `skeletonDir` : skeleton directory used for users accounts
  - Example: `skeletonDir="/etc/skel"`
  - Remark: this option is used only if you ask for home directory creation when adding a new user.
- `defaultMaxPasswordAge` : default validation time for a password (in days)
  - Example: `defaultMaxPassword="55"`
- `userSmbHome` : samba share used to store user's home directory
  - Example: `userSmbHome="\\PDC-SMB3\ home\%U"`
  - Remark: this is stored in sambaHomePath attribute.
- `userProfile` : samba share used to store user's profile
  - Example: `userProfile="\\PDC-SMB3\ profiles\%U"`
  - Remark: this is stored in sambaProfilePath attribute.
- `userScript` : default user netlogon script name. If not used, will be automatically username.cmd
  - Example: `userScript="%U"`
  - Remark: this is stored in sambaProfilePath attribute.
- `userHomeDrive` : letter used on windows system to map the home directory
  - Example: `userHomeDrive="K:"`
- `with_smbpasswd` : should we use the smbpasswd command to set the user's password (instead of the mkntpwd utility) ?
  - Example: `with_smbpasswd="0"`
  - Remark: must be a boolean value (0 or 1).
- `smbpasswd` : path to the `smbpasswd` binary
  - Example: `smbpasswd="/usr/bin/smbpasswd"`
- `mk_ntpasswd` : path to the mkntpwd binary
  - Example: `mk_ntpasswd="/usr/local/sbin/mkntpwd"`
  - Remark: the rpm package of the smbldap-tools will install this utility. If you are using the tarball archive, you have to install it yourself (sources are also in the smbldap-tools archive).
- `mailDomain` : Domain appended to the users "mail" attribute.
  - Example: `mailDomain="idealx.org"`

### 3.2 The smbldap_bind.conf file

This file is only used by root to modify the content of the directory. It contains distinguised names and credentials to connect to both the master and slave directories. A full example file is available in section 8.1.2.
Let's have a look at all available parameters.

- `slaveDN` : distinguished name used to bind to the slave server
  - Example 1: `slaveDN="cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com"`
  - Example 2: `slaveDN=""`
  - Remark: this can be the manager account of the directory or any LDAP account that has sufficient permissions to read the full directory (Slave directory is only used for reading). Anonymous connections uses the second example form.
- `slavePw` : the credentials to bind to the slave server
  - Example 1: `slavePw="secret"`
  - Example 2: `slavePw=""`
  - Remark: the password must be stored here in clear form. This file must then be readable only by root! All anonymous connections use the second form provided in our example.
- `masterDN` : the distinguished name used to bind to the master server
  - Example: `masterDN="cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com"`
  - Remark: this can be the manager account of the directory or any LDAP account that has enough permissions to modify the content of the directory. Anonymous access does not make any sense here.
- `masterPw` : the credentials to bind to the master server
  - Example: `masterPw="secret"`
  - Remark: the password must be in clear text. Be sure to protect this file against unauthorized readers!

## 4 Using the scripts

### 4.1 Initial directory's population

You can initialize the LDAP directory using the `smbldap-populate` script. To do that, the account defined in the `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf` to access the master directory must must be the manager account defined in the directory configuration. On RedHat system, this file is `/etc/openldap/slapd.conf` and the account is defined with

      rootdn          "cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com"
      rootpw          secret

The `smbldap_bind.conf` file must then be configured so that the parameters to connect to the master LDAP server match the previous ones:

      masterDN="cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com"
      masterPw="secret"

Available options for this script are summarized in the table 1:

> option | definition | default value
> -u uidNumber | first uidNumber to allocate | 1000
> -g gidNumber | first uidNumber to allocate | 1000
> -a user | administrator login name | Administrator
> -b user | guest login name | nobody
> -e file | export a init file |
> -i file | import a init file |

> Table 1: Options available for the `smbldap-populate` script

In the more general case, to set up your directory, simply use the following command:

    [root@etoile root]# smbldap-populate
    Using builtin directory structure
    adding new entry: dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: ou=Computers,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: ou=Idmap,dc=idealx,dc=org
    adding new entry: cn=NextFreeUnixId,dc=idealx,dc=org
    adding new entry: uid=Administrator,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: uid=nobody,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Domain Admins,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Domain Users,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Domain Guests,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Print Operators,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Backup Operators,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Replicator,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com
    adding new entry: cn=Domain Computers,ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com

After this step, if you don't want to use the `cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com` account anymore, you can create a dedicated account for Samba and the smbldap-tools. See section 8.2 for more details.
The `cn=NextFreeUnixId,dc=idealx,dc=org` entry is only used to defined the next uidNumber and gidNumber available for creating new users and groups. The default values for those numbers are 1000. You can change it with the `-u` and `-g` option. For example, if you want the first available value for uidNumber and gidNumber to be set to 1500, you can use the following command :

    smbldap-populate -u 1550 -g 1500

### 4.2 User management

#### 4.2.1 Adding a user

To add a user, use the `smbldap-useradd` script. Available options are summarized in the table 2. If applicable, default values are mentionned in the third column. Any string beginning with a $ symbol refers to a parameter defined in the `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf` configuration file.

> option | definition | example | default value
> -a | create a Windows account. Otherwise, only a Posix account is created |  |
> -w | create a Windows Workstation account |  |
> -i | create an interdomain trust account. See section 4.4 for more details |  |
> -u | set a uid value | -u 1003 | first uid available
> -g | set a gid value | -g 1003 | first gid available
> -G | add the new account to one or several supplementary groups (comma-separated) | -G 512,550 |
> -d | set the home directory | -d /var/user | $userHomePrefix/user
> -s | set the login shell | -s /bin/ksh | $userLoginShell
> -c | set the user gecos | -c "admin user" | $userGecos
> -m | creates user's home directory and copies /etc/skel into it |  |
> -k | set the skeleton dir (with -m) | -k /etc/skel2 | $skeletonDir
> -P | ends by invoking smbldap-passwd to set the user's password |  |
> -A | user can change password ? 0 if no, 1 if yes | -A 1 |
> -B | user must change password at first session ? 0 if no, 1 if yes | -B 1 |
> -C | set the samba home share | -C \\PDC\homes | $userSmbHome
> -D | set a letter associated with the home share | -D H: | $userHomeDrive
> -E | set DOS script to execute on login | -E common.bat | $userScript
> -F | set the profile directory | -F \\PDC\profiles\user | $userProfile
> -H | set the samba account control bits like'[NDHTUMWSLKI]' | -H [X] |
> -N | set the canonical name of the user |  |
> -S | set the surname of the user |  |
> -M | local mailAddress (comma seperated) | -M testuser,aliasuser |
> -T | forward mail address (comma seperated) | -T testuser@domain.org |

> Table 2: Options available to the `smbldap-useradd` script

For example, if you want to add a user named user_admin and who :

- is a windows user
- must belong to the group of gid=512 ('Domain Admins' group)
- has a home directory
- does not have a login shell
- has a homeDirectory set to /dev/null
- does not have a roaming profile
- and for whom we want to set a first login password

you must invoke:

    smbldap-useradd -a -G 512 -m -s /bin/false -d /dev/null -F "" -P user_admin

#### 4.2.2 Removing a user

To remove a user account, use the `smbldap-userdel` script. Available options are

> option | definition
> -r | remove home directory
> -R | remove home directory interactively

> Table 3: Option available to the `smbldap-userdel` script

For example, if you want to remove the user1 account from the LDAP directory, and if you also want to delete his home directory, use the following command :

    smbldap-userdel -r user1

Note: '-r' is dangerous as it may delete precious and unbackuped data, please be careful.

#### 4.2.3 Modifying a user

To modify a user account, use the `smbldap-usermod` script. Availables options are listed in the table 4.

> option | definition | example
> -c | set the user gecos | -c "admin user"
> -d | set the home directory | -d /var/user
> -u | set a uid value | -u 1003
> -g | set a gid value | -g 1003
> -G | add the new account to one or several supplementary groups (comma-separated) | -G 512,550
> |  | -G -512,550
> |  | -G +512,550
> -s | set the login shell | -s /bin/ksh
> -N | set the canonical name of the user |
> -S | set the surname of the user |
> -P | ends by invoking smbldap-passwd to set the user's password |
> -a | add sambaSAMAccount objectclass |
> -e | set an expiration date for the password (format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) |
> -A | user can change password ? 0 if no, 1 if yes | -A 1
> -B | user must change password at first session ? 0 if no, 1 if yes | -B 1
> -C | set the samba home share | -C \\PDC\homes
> |  | -C ""
> -D | set a letter associated with the home share | -D H:
> |  | -D ""
> -E | set DOS script to execute on login | -E common.bat
> |  | -E ""
> -F | set the profile directory | -F \\PDC\profiles\user
> |  | -F ""
> -H | set the samba account control bits like'[NDHTUMWSLKI]' | -H [X]
> -I | disable a user account | -I 1
> -J | enable a user | -J 1
> -M | local mailAddress (comma seperated) | -M testuser,aliasuser
> -T | forward mail address (comma seperated) | -T testuser@domain.org

> Table 4: Options available to the `smbldap-usermod` script

You can also use the `smbldap-userinfo` script to update user's information. This script can also be used by users themselves to update their own informations listed in the tables 5 (adequats ACL must be set in the directory server). Available options are :

> option | definition | example
> -f | set the full name's user | -f MyName
> -r | set the room number | -r 99
> -w | set the work phone number | -w 111111111
> -h | set the home phone number | -h 222222222
> -o | set other information (in gecos definition) | -o "second stage"
> -s | set the default bash | -s /bin/ksh

> Table 5: Options available to the `smbldap-userinfo` script

### 4.3 Group management

#### 4.3.1 Adding a group

To add a new group in the LDAP directory, use the `smbldap-groupadd` script. Available options are listed in the table 6.

> option | definition | example
> -a | add automatic group mapping entry |
> -g `gid` | set the gidNumer for this group to gid | `-g 1002`
> -o | gidNumber is not unique |
> -r `group-rid` | set the rid of the group to group-rid | `-r 1002`
> -s `group-sid` | set the sid of the group to group-sid | `-s S-1-5-21-3703471949-3718591838-2324585696-1002`
> -t `group-type` | set the sambaGroupType to group-type | `-t 2`
> -p | print the gidNumber to stdout |

> Table 6: Options available for the `smbldap-groupadd` script

#### 4.3.2 Removing a group

To remove the group named `group1`, just use the following command :

    smbldap-userdel group1

### 4.4 Adding a interdomain trust account

To add an interdomain trust account to the primary controller trust-pdc, use the `-i` option of `smbldap-useradd` as follows :

    [root@etoile root]# smbldap-useradd -i trust-pdc
    New password : *******
    Retype new password : *******

The script will terminate asking for a password for this trust account. The account will be created in the directory branch where all computer accounts are stored (`ou=Computers` by default). The only two particularities of this account are that you are setting a password for this account, and the flags of this account are `[I ]`.

## 5 Samba and the smbldap-tools scripts

### 5.1 General configuration

Samba can be configured to use the smbldap-tools scripts. This allows administrators to add, delete or modify user and group accounts for Microsoft Windows operating systems using, for example, User Manager utility under MS-Windows. To enable the use of this utility, samba needs to be configured correctly. The `smb.conf` configuration file must contain the following directives :

    ldap delete dn = Yes
    add user script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd -m "%u"
    add machine script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd -w "%u"
    add group script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p "%g"
    add user to group script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m "%u" "%g"
    delete user from group script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x "%u" "%g"
    set primary group script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g "%g" "%u"

Remark: the two directives `delete user script` et `delete group script` can also be used. However, an error message can appear in User Manager even if the operations actually succeed. If you want to enable this behaviour, you need to add

    delete user script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-userdel "%u"
    delete group script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g"

### 5.2 Migrating an NT4 PDC to Samba3

The account migration procedure becomes really simple when samba is configured to use the smbldap-tools. Samba configuration (smb.conf file) must contain the directive defined above to properly call the script for managing users, groups and computer accounts. The migration process is outlined in the chapter 30 of the samba howto `http://sambafr.idealx.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/NT4Migration.html`.

## 6 Frequently Asked Questions

### 6.1 How can i use old released uidNumber and gidNumber ?

There are two way to do this :

- modify the `cn=NextFreeUnixId,dc=idealx,dc=org` and change the `uidNumber` and/or `gidNumber` value. This must be done manually. For example, if you want to use all available uidNumber and gidNumber higher then 1500, you need to create a `update-NextFreeUnixId.ldif` file containing :

      dn: cn=NextFreeUnixId,dc=idealx,dc=org
      changetype: modify
      uidNumber: 1500
      gidNumber: 1500

  and then update the directory :

      ldapmodify -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=org" -w secret -f update-NextFreeUnixId.ldif

- use the `-u` or `-g` option to the script you need to set the value you want to use

### 6.2 I always have this error: "Can't locate IO/Socket/SSL.pm"

This happens when you want to use a certificate. In this case, you need to install the IO-Socket-SSL Perl module.

### 6.3 I can't initialize the directory with `smbldap-populate`

When I want to initialize the directory using the `smbldap-populate` script, I get

    [root@slave sbin]# smbldap-populate.pl
      Using builtin directory structure
      adding new entry: dc=IDEALX,dc=COM
      Can't call method "code" without a package or object reference at
      /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-populate.pl line 270, <GEN1> line 2.

Answer: check the TLS configuration

- if you don't want to use TLS support, set the `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf` file with

      ldapSSL="0"

- if you want TLS support, set the `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf` file with

      ldapSSL="1"

  and check that the directory server is configured to accept TLS connections.

### 6.4 I can't join the domain with the `root` account

- check that the root account has the sambaSamAccount objectclass
- check that the directive `add machine script` is present and configured

### 6.5 I have the `sambaSamAccount` but i can't logged in

Check that the `sambaPwdLastSet` attribute is not null (equal to 0)

### 6.6 I want to create machine account on the fly, but it does not works or I must do it twice

- The script defined with the `add machine script` must not add the `sambaSAMAccount` objectclass of the machine account. The script must only add the Posix machine account. Samba will add the `sambaSAMAccount` when joining the domain.
- Check that the `add machine script` is present in samba configuration file.

### 6.7 I can't manage the Oracle Internet Database

If you have an error message like :

    Function Not Implemented at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap_tools.pm line 187.
    Function Not Implemented at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap_tools.pm line 627.

For Oracle Database, all attributes that will be resquested to the directory must be indexed. Add a new index for samba attributes and make sure that the following attributes are also indexed : uidNumber, gidNumber, memberUid, homedirectory, description, userPassword ...

### 6.8 The directive `passwd program = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-passwd -u %u` is not called, or i got a error message when changing the password from windows

The directive is called if you also set `unix password sync = Yes`. Notes:

- if you use OpenLDAP, none of those two options are needed. You just need `ldap passwd sync = Yes`.
- the script called here must only update the `userPassword` attribute. This is the reason of the `-u` option. Samba passwords will be updated by samba itself.
- the `passwd chat` directive must match what is prompted when using the `smbldap-passwd` command

### 6.9 New computers account can't be set in ou=computers

This is a known samba bug. There's a workarround: look at `http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=samba&m=108439612826440&w=2`

### 6.10 I can join the domain, but i can't log on

look at section 6.9

### 6.11 I can't create a user with `smbldap-useradd`

When creating a new user account I get the following error message:

    /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd.pl: unknown group SID not set for unix group 513

Answer:

- is nss_ldap correctly configured ?
- is the default group's users mapped to the 'Domain Users' NT group ?

      net groupmap add rid=513 unixgroup="Domain Users" ntgroup="Domain Users"

### 6.12 smbldap-useradd: Can't call method "get_value" on an undefined value at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 154

- does the default group defined in smbldap.conf exist (defaultUserGid="513") ?
- does the NT "Domain Users" group mapped to a unix group of rid 513 (see option -r of `smbldap-groupadd` and `smbldap-groupmod` to set a rid) ?

### 6.13 Typical errors on creating a new user or a new group

- i've got the following error:

      Could not find base dn, to get next uidNumber at /usr/local/sbin//smbldap_tools.pm line 909

  1. you do not have created the object to defined the next uidNumber and gidNumber available.
     - for version 0.8.7 : you can just run the `smbldap-populate` script that will update the sambaDomain entry to store those informations
     - for version before 0.8.7 : You have updated the smbldap-tools to version 0.8.5 or newer. You have to do this manually. Create an file called `add.ldif` and containing

           dn: cn=NextFreeUnixId,dc=idealx,dc=org
           objectClass: inetOrgPerson
           objectClass: sambaUnixIdPool
           uidNumber: 1000
           gidNumber: 1000
           cn: NextFreeUnixId
           sn: NextFreeUnixId

       and then add the object with the ldapadd utility:

           $ ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=org" -w secret -f add.ldif

       Here, 1000 is the first available value for uidNumber and gidNumber (of course, if this value is already used by a user or a group, the first available after 1000 will be used).
  2. The error also appear when there is a need for TLS (ldapTLS=1 in `smbldap.conf`) and something is wrong with certificate naming or path settings.
- i've got the following error:

      Use of uninitialized value in string at
      /usr/local/sbin//smbldap\_tools.pm line 914.
      Error: No DN specified at /usr/local/sbin//smbldap\_tools.pm line 919

  You have not updated the configuration file to defined the object where are sotred the next uidNumber and gidNumber available. In our example, you have to add a nex entry in /etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf containing :

      # Where to store next uidNumber and gidNumber available
      sambaUnixIdPooldn="cn=NextFreeUnixId,${suffix}"

  btw, a new option is now available too: the domain to append to users. You can add to the configuration file the following lines:

      # Domain appended to the users "mail"-attribute
      # when smbldap-useradd -M is used mailDomain="idealx.com"

- i've got the following error:

      Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 183.
      Use of uninitialized value in substitution (s///) at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 185.
      Use of uninitialized value in string at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 264.
      failed to add entry: homedirectory: value #0 invalid per syntax at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 280.
      userHomeDirectory=User "jto" already member of the group "513".
      failed to add entry: No such object at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 382.

  you have to change the variable name `userHomePrefix` to `userHome` in /etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf
- i've got the following error:

      failed to add entry: referral missing at /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd line 279, <DATA> line 283.

  you have to update the configuration file that defined users, groups and computers dn. Those parameters must not be relative to the `suffix` parameter. A typical configuration look like this :

      usersdn="ou=Users,${suffix}"
      computersdn="ou=Computers,${suffix}"
      groupsdn="ou=Groups,${suffix}"

- i've got the following error:

      erreur LDAP: Can't contact master ldap server (IO::Socket::INET: Bad protocol 'tcp')
      at /usr/local/sbin//smbldap_tools.pm line 153.

  remove ldap from /etc/nsswitch.conf for services list of possible check. For example, if your ldap directory is not configured to give services information, you must have

      services    files

  and not

      services:   ldap [NOTFOUND=return] files

## 7 Thanks

People who have worked on this document are

- Jérôme Tournier <jerome.tournier@IDEALX.com>
- David Barth <david.barth@IDEALX.com>
- Nat Makarevitch <nat@IDEALX.com>

The authors would like to thank the following people for providing help with some of the more complicated subjects, for clarifying some of the internal workings of Samba or OpenLDAP, for pointing out errors or mistakes in previous versions of this document, or generally for making suggestions :

- IDEALX team :
  - Roméo Adekambi <romeo.adekambi@IDEALX.com>
  - Aurelien Degremont <adegremont@IDEALX.com>
  - Renaud Renard <rrenard@IDEALX.com>
- John H Terpstra <jht@samba.org>

## 8 Annexes

### 8.1 Full configuration files

#### 8.1.1 The `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf` file

    # $Source: /opt/cvs/samba/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf,v $
    # $Id: smbldap.conf,v 1.17 2005/01/29 15:00:54 jtournier Exp $
    #
    # smbldap-tools.conf : Q & D configuration file for smbldap-tools

    #  This code was developped by IDEALX (http://IDEALX.org/) and
    #  contributors (their names can be found in the CONTRIBUTORS file).
    #
    #                 Copyright (C) 2001-2002 IDEALX
    #
    #  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    #  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    #  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
    #  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
    #
    #  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    #  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    #  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    #  GNU General Public License for more details.
    #
    #  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    #  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    #  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
    #  USA.

    #  Purpose :
    #       . be the configuration file for all smbldap-tools scripts

    ##############################################################################
    #
    # General Configuration
    #
    ##############################################################################

    # Put your own SID. To obtain this number do: "net getlocalsid".
    # If not defined, parameter is taking from "net getlocalsid" return
    SID="S-1-5-21-4205727931-4131263253-1851132061"

    # Domain name the Samba server is in charged.
    # If not defined, parameter is taking from smb.conf configuration file
    # Ex: sambaDomain="IDEALX-NT"
    sambaDomain="IDEALX-NT"

    ##############################################################################
    #
    # LDAP Configuration
    #
    ##############################################################################

    # Notes: to use to dual ldap servers backend for Samba, you must patch
    # Samba with the dual-head patch from IDEALX. If not using this patch
    # just use the same server for slaveLDAP and masterLDAP.
    # Those two servers declarations can also be used when you have
    # . one master LDAP server where all writing operations must be done
    # . one slave LDAP server where all reading operations must be done
    #   (typically a replication directory)

    # Slave LDAP server
    # Ex: slaveLDAP=127.0.0.1
    # If not defined, parameter is set to "127.0.0.1"
    slaveLDAP="127.0.0.1"

    # Slave LDAP port
    # If not defined, parameter is set to "389"
    slavePort="389"

    # Master LDAP server: needed for write operations
    # Ex: masterLDAP=127.0.0.1
    # If not defined, parameter is set to "127.0.0.1"
    masterLDAP="127.0.0.1"

    # Master LDAP port
    # If not defined, parameter is set to "389"
    masterPort="389"

    # Use TLS for LDAP
    # If set to 1, this option will use start_tls for connection
    # (you should also used the port 389)
    # If not defined, parameter is set to "1"
    ldapTLS="1"

    # How to verify the server's certificate (none, optional or require)
    # see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
    verify="require"

    # CA certificate
    # see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
    cafile="/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/ca.pem"

    # certificate to use to connect to the ldap server
    # see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
    clientcert="/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap-tools.pem"

    # key certificate to use to connect to the ldap server
    # see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
    clientkey="/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap-tools.key"

    # LDAP Suffix
    # Ex: suffix=dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG
    suffix="dc=idealx,dc=org"

    # Where are stored Users
    # Ex: usersdn="ou=Users,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
    # Warning: if 'suffix' is not set here, you must set the full dn for usersdn
    usersdn="ou=Users,${suffix}"

    # Where are stored Computers
    # Ex: computersdn="ou=Computers,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
    # Warning: if 'suffix' is not set here, you must set the full dn for computersdn
    computersdn="ou=Computers,${suffix}"

    # Where are stored Groups
    # Ex: groupsdn="ou=Groups,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
    # Warning: if 'suffix' is not set here, you must set the full dn for groupsdn
    groupsdn="ou=Groups,${suffix}"

    # Where are stored Idmap entries (used if samba is a domain member server)
    # Ex: groupsdn="ou=Idmap,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
    # Warning: if 'suffix' is not set here, you must set the full dn for idmapdn
    idmapdn="ou=Idmap,${suffix}"

    # Where to store next uidNumber and gidNumber available for new users and groups
    # If not defined, entries are stored in sambaDomainName object.
    # Ex: sambaUnixIdPooldn="sambaDomainName=${sambaDomain},${suffix}"
    # Ex: sambaUnixIdPooldn="cn=NextFreeUnixId,${suffix}"
    sambaUnixIdPooldn="sambaDomainName=IDEALX-NT,${suffix}"

    # Default scope Used
    scope="sub"

    # Unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA, CLEARTEXT)
    hash_encrypt="SSHA"

    # if hash_encrypt is set to CRYPT, you may set a salt format.
    # default is "%s", but many systems will generate MD5 hashed
    # passwords if you use "$1$%.8s". This parameter is optional!
    crypt_salt_format="%s"

    ##############################################################################
    #
    # Unix Accounts Configuration
    #
    ##############################################################################

    # Login defs
    # Default Login Shell
    # Ex: userLoginShell="/bin/bash"
    userLoginShell="/bin/bash"

    # Home directory
    # Ex: userHome="/home/%U"
    userHome="/home/%U"

    # Default mode used for user homeDirectory
    userHomeDirectoryMode="700"

    # Gecos
    userGecos="System User"

    # Default User (POSIX and Samba) GID
    defaultUserGid="513"

    # Default Computer (Samba) GID
    defaultComputerGid="515"

    # Skel dir
    skeletonDir="/etc/skel"

    # Default password validation time (time in days) Comment the next line if
    # you don't want password to be enable for defaultMaxPasswordAge days (be
    # careful to the sambaPwdMustChange attribute's value)
    defaultMaxPasswordAge="45"

    ##############################################################################
    #
    # SAMBA Configuration
    #
    ##############################################################################

    # The UNC path to home drives location (%U username substitution)
    # Just set it to a null string if you want to use the smb.conf 'logon home'
    # directive and/or disable roaming profiles
    # Ex: userSmbHome="\\PDC-SMB3\%U"
    userSmbHome="\\PDC-SRV\%U"

    # The UNC path to profiles locations (%U username substitution)
    # Just set it to a null string if you want to use the smb.conf 'logon path'
    # directive and/or disable roaming profiles
    # Ex: userProfile="\\PDC-SMB3\profiles\%U"
    userProfile="\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U"

    # The default Home Drive Letter mapping
    # (will be automatically mapped at logon time if home directory exist)
    # Ex: userHomeDrive="H:"
    userHomeDrive="H:"

    # The default user netlogon script name (%U username substitution)
    # if not used, will be automatically username.cmd
    # make sure script file is edited under dos
    # Ex: userScript="startup.cmd" # make sure script file is edited under dos
    userScript="logon.bat"

    # Domain appended to the users "mail"-attribute
    # when smbldap-useradd -M is used
    # Ex: mailDomain="idealx.com"
    mailDomain="idealx.com"

    ##############################################################################
    #
    # SMBLDAP-TOOLS Configuration (default are ok for a RedHat)
    #
    ##############################################################################

    # Allows not to use smbpasswd (if with_smbpasswd == 0 in smbldap_conf.pm) but
    # prefer Crypt::SmbHash library
    with_smbpasswd="0"
    smbpasswd="/usr/bin/smbpasswd"

    # Allows not to use slappasswd (if with_slappasswd == 0 in smbldap_conf.pm)
    # but prefer Crypt:: libraries
    with_slappasswd="0"
    slappasswd="/usr/sbin/slappasswd"

    # comment out the following line to get rid of the default banner
    # no_banner="1"

#### 8.1.2 The `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf` file

    ############################
    # Credential Configuration #
    ############################
    # Notes: you can specify two differents configuration if you use a
    # master ldap for writing access and a slave ldap server for reading access
    # By default, we will use the same DN (so it will work for standard Samba
    # release)
    slaveDN="cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=org"
    slavePw="secret"
    masterDN="cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=org"
    masterPw="secret"

#### 8.1.3 The samba configuration file : `/etc/samba/smb.conf`

    # Global parameters
    [global]
            workgroup = IDEALX-NT
            netbios name = PDC-SRV
            #interfaces = 192.168.5.11
            username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
     enable privileges = yes
            server string = Samba Server %v
            security = user
            encrypt passwords = Yes
            min passwd length = 3
            obey pam restrictions = No
            ldap passwd sync = Yes
            #unix password sync = Yes
            #passwd program = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-passwd -u %u
            #passwd chat = "Changing password for*\nNew password*" %n\n "*Retype new password*" %n\n"
            ldap passwd sync = Yes
            log level = 0
            syslog = 0
            log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
            max log size = 100000
            time server = Yes
            socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
            mangling method = hash2
            Dos charset = 850
            Unix charset = ISO8859-1

            logon script = logon.bat
            logon drive = H:
            logon home =
            logon path =

            domain logons = Yes
            os level = 65
            preferred master = Yes
            domain master = Yes
            wins support = Yes
            passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
            # passdb backend = ldapsam:"ldap://127.0.0.1/ ldap://slave.idealx.com"
     # ldap filter = (&(objectclass=sambaSamAccount)(uid=%u))
            ldap admin dn = uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com
            ldap suffix = dc=idealx,dc=com
            ldap group suffix = ou=Groups
            ldap user suffix = ou=Users
            ldap machine suffix = ou=Computers
            ldap idmap suffix = ou=Users
            ldap ssl = start tls
            add user script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-useradd -m "%u"
            ldap delete dn = Yes
            #delete user script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-userdel "%u"
            add machine script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-useradd -t 5 -w "%u"
            add group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p "%g"
            #delete group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g"
            add user to group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m "%u" "%g"
            delete user from group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x "%u" "%g"
            set primary group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g "%g" "%u"

            # printers configuration
            printer admin = @"Print Operators"
            load printers = Yes
            create mask = 0640
            directory mask = 0750
            nt acl support = No
            printing = cups
            printcap name = cups
            deadtime = 10
            guest account = nobody
            map to guest = Bad User
            dont descend = /proc,/dev,/etc,/lib,/lost+found,/initrd
            show add printer wizard = yes
            ; to maintain capital letters in shortcuts in any of the profile folders:
            preserve case = yes
            short preserve case = yes
            case sensitive = no

    [homes]
            comment = repertoire de %U, %u
            read only = No
            create mask = 0644
            directory mask = 0775
            browseable = No

    [netlogon]
            path = /home/netlogon/
     browseable = No
            read only = yes

    [profiles]
            path = /home/profiles
            read only = no
            create mask = 0600
            directory mask = 0700
            browseable = No
            guest ok = Yes
            profile acls = yes
            csc policy = disable
            # next line is a great way to secure the profiles
            force user = %U
            # next line allows administrator to access all profiles
            valid users = %U "Domain Admins"

    [printers]
            comment = Network Printers
            printer admin = @"Print Operators"
            guest ok = yes
            printable = yes
            path = /home/spool/
            browseable = No
            read only  = Yes
            printable = Yes
            print command = /usr/bin/lpr -P%p -r %s
            lpq command = /usr/bin/lpq -P%p
            lprm command = /usr/bin/lprm -P%p %j

    [print$]
            path = /home/printers
            guest ok = No
            browseable = Yes
            read only = Yes
            valid users = @"Print Operators"
            write list = @"Print Operators"
            create mask = 0664
            directory mask = 0775

    [public]
            comment = Repertoire public
            path = /home/public
     browseable = Yes
            guest ok = Yes
            read only = No
            directory mask = 0775
            create mask = 0664

#### 8.1.4 The OpenLDAP configuration file : `/etc/openldap/slapd.conf`

    include  /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
    include  /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
    include  /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
    include  /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
    include  /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema

    schemacheck on
    lastmod  on

    TLSCertificateFile /etc/openldap/ldap.idealx.com.pem
    TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/ldap.idealx.com.key
    TLSCACertificateFile /etc/openldap/ca.pem
    TLSCipherSuite :SSLv3
    #TLSVerifyClient demand

    #######################################################################
    # ldbm database definitions
    #######################################################################
    database ldbm
    suffix  dc=idealx,dc=com
    rootdn  "cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com"
    rootpw  secret
    directory /var/lib/ldap
    index    sambaSID    eq
    index    sambaPrimaryGroupSID    eq
    index    sambaDomainName    eq
    index objectClass,uid,uidNumber,gidNumber,memberUid eq
    index cn,mail,surname,givenname   eq,subinitial

    # users can authenticate and change their password
    access to attrs=userPassword,sambaNTPassword,sambaLMPassword
          by dn="cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
          by self write
          by anonymous auth
          by * none
    # all others attributes are readable to everybody
    access to *
          by * read

### 8.2 Changing the administrative account (`ldap admin dn` in `smb.conf` file)

If you don't want to use the `cn=Manager,dc=idealx,dc=com` account anymore, you can create a dedicated account for Samba and the smbldap-tools scripts. To do this, create an account named samba as follows (see section 4.2.1 for a more detailed syntax) :

    smbldap-useradd -s /bin/false -d /dev/null -P samba

This command will ask you to set a password for this account. Let's set it to samba for this example. You then need to modify configuration files:

- file `/etc/opt/IDEALX/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf`

          slaveDN="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com"
          slavePw="samba"
          masterDN="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com"
          masterPw="samba"

- file `/etc/samba/smb.conf`

          ldap admin dn = uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com

  don't forget to also set the samba account password in `secrets.tdb` file :

      smbpasswd -w samba

- file `/etc/openldap/slapd.conf`: give to the samba user permissions to modify some attributes: this user needs to be able to modify all the samba attributes and some others (uidNumber, gidNumber ...) :

      # users can authenticate and change their password
      access to attrs=userPassword,sambaNTPassword,sambaLMPassword,sambaPwdLastSet,sambaPwdMustChange
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by self write
            by anonymous auth
            by * none
      # some attributes need to be readable anonymously so that 'id user' can answer correctly
      access to attrs=objectClass,entry,gecos,homeDirectory,uid,uidNumber,gidNumber,cn,memberUid
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by * read
      # somme attributes can be writable by users themselves
      access to attrs=description,telephoneNumber
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by self write
            by * read
      # some attributes need to be writable for samba
      access to attrs=cn,sambaLMPassword,sambaNTPassword,sambaPwdLastSet,sambaLogonTime,sambaLogoffTime,sambaKickoffTime,sambaPwdCanChange,sambaPwdMustChange,sambaAcctFlags,displayName,sambaHomePath,sambaHomeDrive,sambaLogonScript,sambaProfilePath,description,sambaUserWorkstations,sambaPrimaryGroupSID,sambaDomainName,sambaSID,sambaGroupType,sambaNextRid,sambaNextGroupRid,sambaNextUserRid,sambaAlgorithmicRidBase
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by self read
            by * none
      # samba need to be able to create the samba domain account
      access to dn.base="dc=idealx,dc=com"
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by * none
      # samba need to be able to create new users account
      access to dn="ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com"
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by * none
      # samba need to be able to create new groups account
      access to dn="ou=Groups,dc=idealx,dc=com"
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by * none
      # samba need to be able to create new computers account
      access to dn="ou=Computers,dc=idealx,dc=com"
            by dn="uid=samba,ou=Users,dc=idealx,dc=com" write
            by * none
      # this can be omitted but we leave it: there could be other branch
      # in the directory
      access to *
            by self read
            by * none

### 8.3 known bugs

- Option -B (user must change password) of `smbldap-useradd` does not have effect: when `smbldap-passwd` script is called, sambaPwdMustChange attribute is rewrite.

1
  `http://IDEALX.com/`

> This document was translated from LATEX by HEVEA .